Terrorist Groups

Several terrorist groups remain active across the Middle East in 2024, posing significant threats to regional stability. These groups include:

1. Islamic State (ISIS): Although ISIS has lost most of its territorial control, it remains active through cells in Iraq and Syria, conducting frequent attacks. ISIS has also regrouped in central Syria, where attacks surged in 2023【7】【8】.

2. Hezbollah: This Lebanon-based Shiite militant group, backed by Iran, continues to engage in conflicts with Israel and plays a dominant role in Lebanese politics. Recent skirmishes between Hezbollah and Israel have further escalated tensions in the region【8】【9】.

3. Hamas: Operating from Gaza, Hamas has intensified its attacks against Israel, with continued material and financial support from Iran. Its operations have drawn international attention, particularly after a major assault in October 2023, which significantly impacted regional dynamics【9】.

4. Houthis (Ansar Allah): Supported by Iran, the Houthis are active in Yemen, frequently launching attacks against Saudi Arabia and the UAE. They have also expanded their reach with missile and drone strikes targeting Israel, as well as maritime attacks in the Red Sea that disrupt global trade【8】【9】.

5. Pro-Iran Militias in Iraq: These militias, such as Kata'ib Hezbollah, Asa'ib Ahl al-Haq, and Harakat al-Nujaba, not only play key roles in Iraq’s political system but also conduct attacks on U.S. forces in Iraq and Syria. Their activities have increased following the Gaza conflict, contributing to regional instability【9】.

These groups, many backed by Iranian influence, remain key actors in the region's complex conflict landscape, with each posing unique security challenges to local governments and international forces【7】【8】.



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