Israel before Palestine

Israel was an ancient state long before the modern concept of Palestine emerged. The historical Kingdom of Israel existed around the 10th century BCE, followed by the Kingdom of Judah. These ancient Jewish states were eventually conquered by empires like the Babylonians, Persians, Greeks, and Romans.

After the Jewish-Roman wars (1st–2nd century CE), the Romans renamed the region "Syria Palaestina" in an attempt to erase Jewish identity from the land. Over the centuries, the region changed hands multiple times under the Byzantines, Arabs, Crusaders, Mamluks, Ottomans, and the British.

The modern term "Palestine" has been used for centuries to refer to the geographic region, but as a political entity or state, no independent Palestinian state ever existed before Israel's modern reestablishment in 1948. Instead, the area was ruled by various empires, most recently the Ottoman Empire (1516–1917) and the British Mandate of Palestine (1917–1948).

In short: Ancient Israel predated any Palestinian state, but the region has been home to various peoples for millennia. The Israeli-Palestinian conflict today stems from competing national claims over the same land.

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